{"id":104533,"date":"2024-07-04T15:35:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-04T13:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kosovotwopointzero.com\/rom-do-te-thote-njeri\/"},"modified":"2024-07-22T16:22:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T14:22:07","slug":"roma-means-man","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.kosovotwopointzero.com\/en\/roma-means-man\/","title":{"rendered":"Roma means man"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"104533\" class=\"elementor elementor-104533 elementor-103091\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6d94d5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6d94d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-button-text\">DARING YOUTH<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-efa02bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"efa02bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-372c56d\" data-id=\"372c56d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61b3997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61b3997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Roma means man\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c29f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c29f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2018Amara mule na merna\u2019 Our dead do not die.\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec5b84 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3ec5b84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b605cde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b605cde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kosovotwopointzero.com\/en\/author\/denisgalushi\/\" style=\"border-bottom: 1.3px solid yellow;\" target=\"_blank\">By Denis Galushi<\/a>  | July 6, 2024<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61810bd elementor-shape-square elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"61810bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-5e387e1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Kosovo2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-7ae3a81\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kosovo2point0\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-8daffd8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/kosovo2point0\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef17a87 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ef17a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f40a74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f40a74\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c54d55\" data-id=\"2c54d55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f92c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13f92c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When August 1 comes around, I wish the next day would disappear or that we could skip directly to August 3. It is not that I want to forget such a painful and shameful chapter in human history, but it is incredibly difficult to even imagine the suffering endured by around <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/roma-genocide\/chronology-of-the-roma-genocide\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">500,000 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roma men, women, elderly and children who were brutally killed by the Nazi regime from around September 1939 until May 1945, the end of World War II in Europe. Roma were among the ethnicities with the highest number of people killed by the Nazis and their collaborators.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the night of August 2 and the early morning of August 3, 1944, thousands of Roma and Sinti were killed in gas chambers at Auschwitz II-Birkenau. Due to this, August 2 has officially been commemorated by the European Parliament as Roma Genocide Day; in Romani it known as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">samudaripen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning mass murder.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even if I want to forget what happened, the mountains, hills, seas and oceans would not let me, because they witnessed the inhumanity of the Nazis in the death camps in Poland and beyond. Amid the frustration, pain and bitterness, there is also a moment of pride. In this place where they tried to exterminate us, today walk those, who, 80 years ago were marked for extinction.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is pride because millions of Roma around the world remember this day in the rich Romani language, with the words: \u201cAmara mule na merna\u201d [Our dead do not die].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As our late poet<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kosovotwopointzero.com\/kujtim-pacaku-a-lifetime-fighting-for-roma-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kujtim Pa\u00e7aku<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> said, this language, though hurt, torn, tortured, despised, belittled, humbled, mocked, burned, trampled, remains alive.<\/span><\/p><p><b>August 2, 1944<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Auschwitz II\u2013Birkenau extermination camp, section BIIe was pejoratively called \u201cZigeunerlager&#8221;\u00a0 or &#8220;Gypsy Camp.&#8221; This is where the Roma were housed after being transferred to Auschwitz II-Birkenau, following the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/roma-and-travellers\/-\/16-may-1944-a-day-to-remember\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, shortly after the start of the war in 1939, to remove all Roma from the territory of the Third Reich. BIIe was a mixed camp, where children, men and women were imprisoned together. Roma prisoners were enslaved and subjected to torturous experiments by the Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, who was known as &#8220;The Angel of Death.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On May 15, 1944, the Roma in Blle were warned that the Nazis planned to execute them. The next morning, on May 16, the Roma prisoners did not show up for the usual morning roll call and resisted the guards of the Schutzstaffel (SS), the Nazi paramilitary organization. The Roma armed themselves with hammers, axes and shovels, using the wood from their beds to make makeshift weapons, while the children collected stones. When SS guards entered the camp late at night to send the Roma to the gas chambers, the Roma resisted.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Roma fought to the death. Children, men and women, all fought. No Roma died in the gas chambers that day, marking May 16 as the Day of Roma Resistance. It commemorates the Roma who postponed their deaths. Many of them survived for at least a few more months, until August 2 when they were killed en masse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just as they resisted during the war, we must now peacefully resist against all forms of racism and denial of what happened. We must resist against oblivion. The term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">porajmos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning destruction, refers to the genocide against the Roma, also known as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">samudaripen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This tragedy is rarely discussed. There are only a few books and little historical research about this tragedy. With the widespread political underrepresentation and violation of Roma rights, not documenting their experiences is even more dangerous.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this reason, those who visit the place where thousands of Roma were killed should raise their voice by sharing what they saw, having conversations with Holocaust survivors and much more, to ensure that such a thing never happens again.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an organized visit in 2017, we, a group from Kosovo, visited Auschwitz. We talked with the survivors, we heard them share their stories and they called us to continue telling our story, forever.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Raymond Gur\u00eame<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of these survivors was the 95-year-old Frenchman<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/articles\/k1LjW0lwGPktQdtg27pkZG\/raymond-gureme-the-incredible-story-of-a-wartime-escapologist\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raymond Gur\u00eame<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who escaped the Nazis 11 times. Raymond Gur\u00eame was born in 1925 in France and died at the age of 95.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our visit, I had the chance to meet Gur\u00eame and ask him about his experiences during World War II. Despite more than 70 years having passed since the war, he still had vivid memories of what he experienced. He told me that his parents owned a circus and a traveling cinema. He was the third child out of eight siblings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roma-sinti-holocaust-memorial-day.eu\/history\/raymond-gureme\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">October 1940<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Gur\u00eame\u2019s family was arrested by the French gendarmerie and sent to the Linas-Montlh\u00e9ry internment camp. Gur\u00eamen managed to escape from the camp in 1941, but his family was deported to the Muslane and Montreuil-Bellay camps. These camps were designated for Roma, or as they were called at the time &#8220;nomads,&#8221; who were considered non-residents in France and were ordered to leave the country. He managed to escape from the French camp, but his parents were trapped there until the end of the war.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In August 1943, Gur\u00eamen was arrested and sent to a concentration camp in Heddernheim Hesse, Germany. There he was forced to work for the Nazi regime.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Thanks to my acrobatic hands, I managed to escape from the Nazi handcuffs,&#8221; said Gur\u00eamen. He told me that during his escape he hid in a forest for more than a month, sleeping on the branches of an oak tree, because the Nazis controlled the forests.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told me that he survived by eating leaves.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Fight for your rights. Don&#8217;t be silent. Raise your voice. Do not give up. Even though we faced death, we never stopped resisting. A long time has passed since the Holocaust, but unfortunately, Roma people all over the world still face racism today. This is terrible, as racism can lead to another genocide. For this reason, please don&#8217;t be silent,&#8221; said Gur\u00eamen in a message to the Roma youth during my interview with him for Radio Kosova.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Peter H\u00f6llenreiner<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peter H\u00f6llenreiner was born in Munich on March 17, 1939 and died at the age of 81 in 2020.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In March 1943, he and his family<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/2august.eu\/peter-hollenreiner\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were interned<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp. He arrived there a day before his fourth birthday and was registered in the Zigeunerlager Camp with the number Z 3531.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was one of the survivors. After the war, he removed the number tattooed on his forearm to erase the painful memories of World War II. But a few years later, he had the number re-tattooed as a protest. &#8220;Discrimination against me and my family continued even after the war. Looking at my tattoo with that identification number, I recall the pain I felt as a child in the concentration camp. Seeing the identification number after the war not only brought pain, but also gave me the strength to resist the forces that tried to eradicate my ethnicity and identity,&#8221; said H\u00f6llenreiner on August 2, 2017, speaking as a representative of the survivors at the international memorial at Auschwitz-Birkenau.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Raise your voice, fight for your rights,&#8221; he told us.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Roma from Kosovo visiting the Auschwitz-Birkenau museum<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2019, I organized a memorial march for Roma victims of the Holocaust in Prishtina\u2019s main square. Together with Roma and non-Roma students and activists, we commemorated January 27, World Holocaust Remembrance Day. We raised our voice for the Roma victims of World War II. We also staged an artistic performance on the steps of the National Theater featuring the number 27, conveying a message of peace.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Everyone who considers themselves Roma should become a one-person educational institute in order to research more about our history and share more orally and in writing. Too little is written about us.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I want our children and our students to be interested in their history classes when learning about World War II, and to ask their professors how much they know about the Roma, their compatriots. I want our children to proudly talk about their past and look forward to a brighter future by not assimilating, but integrating with the Romani language and culture. As our late poet Kujtim Pa\u00e7aku said, I want our children to correct their professors when they refer to the Roma as \u201cothers.\u201d Tell them about Raymond Gur\u00eame, about Peter H\u00f6llenreiner, about all those who are not with us today. The resistance of those who survived and the memory of those who are no longer with us. Those who make us Roma proud.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1px;\">Feature Image<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1px;\">: Majlinda Hoxha \/ K2.0.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-586625c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"586625c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f193e6e\" data-id=\"f193e6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85278e5 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